CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT IN PAKISTAN

A general view

Ø   
Hypothesis
is a statement, temporarily accepted, as true in the light of what is known
about a phenomenon which is proposed for further research.

Ø   
It
is a tentative assumption drawn from knowledge and theory which is used as a guide
for investigation for other facts and theories that are yet unknown

·        
A
hypothesis states what we are looking for.

Ø   
It
is a provisional guess, which seems to:

   Explain the situation under observation

n    
Definition
of hypothesis

n    
“Hypothesis
is a tentative explanation for certain behavior, phenomenon that have occurred
or will occur.

n    
It
is the most specific statement of the problem” (L.R. Gay 1992).

n    
Hypothesis
is a tentative answer to a question. (John W. Best 1982)

Forms of hypothesis

NULL HYPOTHESIS

n    
It
states that there is no significant difference between in the two variables.

EXAMPLE

There
is no significant difference in the instructional standard of single shift and
double shift schools

PREDICTION FORM

n    
This
form of hypothesis allows the researcher to state principles which he actually
imagine to emerge from theexperiment.

Declarative form

n    
This
type of hypothesis generally states the relationship between the concerned
variables.

For example there will be a significant difference in
the instructional standard of boys and girls schools 

QUESTION
FORM

n    
The
declarative form may be question form if we read it in the form of question.

Example

n    
Is there a significant difference
in the instructional standard of boys and girls schools?

Importance of hypothesis

Ø   
It
provides direction to researcher

Ø   
It
defines what is relevant and what is irrelevant

Ø   
It
sensitize the researcher to certain aspects of the situation which are relevant
from the problem view point.

Ø  It shows the difference between
fruitful and fruitless research

Ø   
It
is a guide to the thinking process and the process of discovery.

Ø   
It
is investigator’s eyes.

Ø   
It
is a sort of guiding star in the world of darkness

Ø   
Without
hypothesis research would be like random and aimless wandering

Ø   
It
focuses on research and prevents blind research

Ø   
It
places clear and specific goals before the researcher

Ø   
Continue….

Ø   
It
links together related facts and information and organizes them into one
comprehensible whole

Ø   
It
is important because they have the power to predict.

Ø   
It
serves as a framework for drawing conclusion

Sources
of hypothesis

 Deriving sufficient hypothesis is difficult
than selecting of the problem.

There is no royal
road to the discovery of fruitful hypothesis

n    
A
good investigator must have not onlyan alert mind, capable of deriving relevant
hypothesis but also have a  critical mind
capable of rejecting a faulty hypothesis

The following are
the main sources of hypothesis

n    
General
culture

In the
investigations for solving a problem we cannot ignore our general culture    ( religious, moral) to which we belong

n    
Scientific
Theory

We have to keep in
mind various scientific

theories like sound
body has sound mind.

Handicapped
children face adjustment

problems, rest
relieves fatigue

n    
Personal
experience

Good hypothesis can
come only from

Experience; such as
teacher punctuality

enhances students
punctuality or good

study habit improve
achievement

n    
Analogies

It a very fertile
source of hypothesis.it is the process of framing hypothesis from similarity
and likeness, such as if a problem is similar in nature to a problem studied in
a foreign country we may frame our hypothesis in the same manner

Characteristics

n    
A
good hypothesis is in agreement with the observe facts

n    
A
good hypothesis does not in conflict with any law of nature which is known to
be true. When we say that there can be a memory tablets for strengthening
memory we are trying to reject an establish law of nature.

n    
A
good hypothesis is stated in a scientific and research like language and is not
an ordinary statement.

n    
It
is stated in the simplest possible terms

n    
A
good hypothesis permits the application of deductive reasoning

n    
It
should be framed so that its tests will provide an answer to the original
problem.

n    
Difficulties
in the formulation of hypothesis

n    
Lack
of knowledge and clarity about the concerned area.

n    
Lack
of ability.

n    
ambiguity
of the statement

n    
Testing
the hypothesis

n    
The
worth of the validity of the hypothesis lies in its testing.

n    
After
formulating the hypothesis it is necessary to deduce:

n    
its
consequences.

n    
Select
or develop tools

n    
Use
the tool to confirm or reject the hypothesis