Learner-Centered curriculum

Keywords; Stages of Language Development,  Developmental Stages of Language Learning,
Linguistic Development Stages, How Parents Facilitate Language
Development, Characteristics of human language, Human language is arbitrary, Principle of Mother tongue learning, Language rules and meaning

Stages of
Language Development

The language emerges remarkably in children. In a very short period of
time a child can go from saying just a few words to suddenly producing full
sentences. Research found that language development begins before a child is
even born; in mother fetus the child is able to identify the speech and sound
patterns of the mother and father voice

Researchers also found that infants are able to distinguish between
speech sounds from all languages, not just the mother language. However, this
ability disappears at the age of 10 months after that they recognize their
native language.

Developmental
Stages of Language Learning

Categorized in two categories

1. Physical Development

2. Psychological Development

Physical
Development

These stages are divided into two categories:

1.   
pre-linguistic

2.   
 linguistic

One
month stage:

•      Learn
language by moving of body parts

•      Recognizing
sounds

•      The
natural sounds that babies make, e.g. crying, and swallowing.

•      Show response
to the sounds

Cooing
and laughter (2-5 monthstage ):

These vocalizations usually occur when the baby is comfortable and happy.

Vocal
play (4- month stage ):

•      Roll &
raise head and legs

•      Produce
sounds

•      Baby is
Passive listener

Babbling:6-13
months stage

The first stage of language development is known as the pre-linguistic,
babbling or cooing stage

The child is practicing individual sounds, and sound sequences, and
gaining the motor skills

Linguistic
Development

Early One Word
Stage (12-19 months)

At this stage child try to properly talk about his needs & wants.

Around the age of 10 to 13 months, children will begin to produce their
first real word

A child will typically understand much more than he or she can actually
express

Later One Word
Stage (14-24 months)

•      Child use
actual words

•      child
begins to name and label the objects and people around him

 For Examples common nouns  & proper nouns such as Cup, dog, hat

Dad, Mom and verbs such as go, sit, eat

The child may also use a few social words such as No, bye, please

The child use words combine with facial expression and actions to
communicate  his massage clearly.

Two Word Stage
(20-30 months)

At this stage the child begins to produce two-word combinations similar
to the following.

Daddy car, Where daddy, Mom water

•      The
Maximum use of nouns at this stage.

•      This is
not surprising, as the child has spent a lot of time learning the names of
objects and people

By the age of three year a child will have a vocabulary of approximately
3,000 words.

Three Word
Stage (28-42 months)

At this
stage of development children extend their two-word utterances by  incorporating at least another word…….

In reality
children may add up to two more words, thereby creating utterances as long as
four words.

He hit
ball

You hit ball

It is at
this stage that the child also begins to use the articles the, a
and an

You hit a
ball

 I want a candy

Four Word Stage
(34-48 months)

From about 34 months the child begins to combine between four to six
words in any one utterance.

Complex
Utterance Stage (48-60 months)

The child regularly producing utterances of over six words in a sentence.

The concept of past and future time develops

We went to see him yesterday [past time]

Iqbal is going to school tomorrow 
[future time]

At this stage at the age of five years the child:

•      Discuss
his liking and disliking

•      Ego-centered

•      Explore
his/her self through language

•      Ask
confusing questions

How
Parents Facilitate Language Development

Researchers
have found that in all languages, parents utilize a style of speech with
infants known as infant-directed speech. If you've ever heard someone
speak to a baby, you'll probably immediately recognize this style of speech. It
is characterized by a higher-pitched intonation, shortened or simplified
vocabulary, shortened sentences and exaggerated vocalizations or expressions.
Instead of saying "Let's go home," a parent might instead say
"Go bye-bye."

Characteristics
of human language

Social
tool

•     
Language
is not essential for communication 

•     
Communication
is the purpose of language

•     
Language
enables us to communicate with other people andexchange ideas and desires with
each other.

•     
Language
enables us to communicate With the people in our own culture and  With people from other cultures

•     
Language
is a communication tool With ancient cultures

Language
is learned

•      Babies
must hear and speak a language in order to learn it

•     
Human
language is arbitrary

•     
There
is no connection between the sound and the message

Human language is arbitrary

•      There is
no connection between sound  & the
message

•     
Animal
language is not arbitrary

•     
An
animal’s message and the sound cannot be separated

Sounds & meaning

•     
Human sounds have basic sounds

•     
English:
A, B, C, D, etc.

•     
English basic sounds can be combined to create new
sounds. Cat,mat, pat, etc.

Language
rules

•     
All
human languages have rules that guide how the parts of languages can be
combined

•     
With
different rules different meaning

Language
rules and meaning

•     
Dog bites
man.

•     
Man bites
dog.

•     
Creativity

•     
Humans can
talk about any topic etc

•     
PAST,
Future

•     
Creating new sentences

•     
Things can
be called by more than one name

Grammar rules

Word order

For
example Take the words: ate, I, lunch

The proper order  “I ate lunch’”

Language is Symbolic

•     
Set of verbal symbols stand for real
objects, actions, concepts

•     
Human language is a social Activity

•     
 Gives expression to thoughts

Principle of Mother tongue learning

Principle of Practice

•     
Give opportunities for practice in
class

Principle of Imitation

•     
Child Imitates parents, teacher is
model for students

Principle of Natural order

•     
Practice the sound

•     
Teach Words

•     
Sentences

Principle of Exposure

•     
Learn in home, community

Principle of Understanding

•     
Child Listen for Months than speak

Principle of Proper order

•     
Listening

•     
Speaking

•     
Reading

•     
Writing

Principle of practicality

•     
Practicality in Learning

•     
Associate words to Picture, objects

Principle of Correlation

•     
Relate subject matter to life,
traditions. Meaningful  teaching

Principle of Translation