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Keywords; what is sociology, history and background of
sociology, the
basic social institutions

WHAT IS SOCIOLOGY?

n  Sociology
is about people

Sociology
is all about helping unfortunate and doing welfare work

Sociology
is the same as socialism. Sociology is about the problem of the people. Sociology
is about the people and understanding some of the problems of the people is
only the part of sociology

sociology

Latin
word – socius which Mean – companion

Greek
word – logos; Meaning – the study of, so the word sociology literally means the
companionship or social relation

DEFINITIONS:

n  Oxford
English dictionary –sociology is the study of history and nature of human
society.

n  Marrian-
Webster’s dictionary & thesaurus – The science of society social
institution and social relationship.

n  Columbia
concise Encyclopedia- Sociology is the scientific study of collective human
behaviour.

Sociology
is the systematic study of society. Sociology encompasses all the elements of
society i.e. social relation, social stratification, social interaction,
culture .Scope of sociology is wide and it ranges from the analysis of
interaction of two anonymous persons to the global social interaction in global
institution. Like UNESCO UN etc.

In the broadest sense

n  Sociology
is the study of human interactions, conditions and consequences. Ideally it has
for its field the whole life of man in society, all the activities where by men
main maintain themselves in the struggle for existence, there rules and
regulations which define their relations with each other, the system of
knowledge and belief, art & morals, and any other capacity & habit
acquired and developed in the course of their activities as member of the
society. ()

Basic
sociological questions

n  What
hold society together?

n  What
is the relationship between the individual and society?

n  Sociological
perspective

n  Scientific
study of the human society.

n  Seeing
strange in the familiar

n  Seeing
general in the particular

n  Putting
people in the social context

HISTORY
OF SOCIOLOGY

n  No
Philosopher attempt  an analysis of  the real society

n  Sociology
is one of the youngest discipline

n  Augueste
comet introduced the word sociology to describe a new way of looking at the
world (1798 – 1857). Augueste comet Born in montpillerin southern France and Grew
up in the shadow of French revolution. He Divided sociology in to two
parts-   Statics & dynamics

n  Herbert
spencer (1820 –1903) Born during the period of British industrialism, known as
one of the leading Social Darwinists of the 19th century. He Coined the
phrase        " survival of the
fittest"

n  Karl
Marx (1818-1883) Born in a middle class German family, Karl Marx believed that
social change is what was needed for a better society, and to get social change
there must be class conflict. Marx's major concern of social change was
economic change.

n  Max
weber (1864-1920); Maximilian Carl Emil Weber
influential thinkers of the twentieth century. Born in Germany. He believed
that sociological explanation must be driven from understanding why people choose
the action thy do

n  George
Herbert Mead (1863 – 1931), an American philosopher sociologist
& psychologist born in South Hadley, Massachusetts. He argued the anti-positivistic
view that the individual is a product of society, the self-arising
out of social experience as an object of socially symbolic gestures and
interactions

Background
of Sociology

n  The
discipline of sociology sprang from revolutionary changes in society it self

   European societies buffeted by a number of
great transformations during 17^th & 18^th centuries.
As social ground trembled under their feet, people were understandably drawn to
the study of society.

n  Factors

n  Technological
advancement

n  Economic
transformation

n  Growth
of cities

n  Political
changes

The
basic social institutions

n  Family-Relatively
permanent social group of two or more people related by blood, marriage, or
adaptation, and who live together

n  Education-
major social institution for transmitting knowledge & skills as well as
cultural norms and values

n  Religion-
Major social institution biased on distinguishing the sacred from profan. Religion
expresses and the power of society over individual.

n  Politics-by
which society distribute power and organizes decision making.

n  The
economy and Work-, by which goods and services are produced,
distributed & consumed.

n  Politics
–
politics is a major social institution by which a society distributes power and
organizes decision making.