CHARACTERISTICS OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

Test Items Analysis

Definition

•     The analysis of students’ responses to each item on the test is called item analysis.

 

Importance

•     Item analysis data are useful in

•     improving the test,

•     in serving as a basis for class discussion,

•      in diagnosing the students’ strengths and weaknesses, and

•      in increasing the skill of item construction.

 

Item analysis deals with

 

•     1. Item Difficulty

 

•     2.  item Discrimination

 

•     3.  and Effectiveness of distracters

 

Item Analysis Questions

 

•     Does the item discriminate between the good and the poor student?

 

•     2   How difficult is the item?

 

•     3   How effective is each destructor in the item?

 

Steps /procedure of Item Analysis

•     Step1:

 

•      After scoring the test, arrange the test, papers in order, from the highest score to the lowest score.

 

•     Step2:

 

•     Select the 25% percent of the papers with the highest score and call at the High Scoring Group (HSG).

•     Select the same number of papers with the lowest score and the call at Low Scoring Group (LSG).

•     The middle group of papers is not needed in item analysis.

 

Step-3

 

 Prepare Tabulation Sheet

 

Item analysis working Sheet

Item Difficulty

•     Item Difficulty definition

 

•     Item Difficulty Formula

 

•     Item difficulty interpretation

The difficulty of an item is defined as

•     “the percentage of student who got the item right.”

 

Item Difficulty Formula

P =    H + L   (100)

N

        In which

P = index of item difficulty

H = Number of student in the high scoring   Group who got the item right

L =   Number of student in the low scoring     group who got the item right.

N = The total number of students (HSG+LSG)

 

Interpretation of I.D

•     Range = 0-100

 

•     Easy Item = Above 70%

 

•     Moderate (Average)= 30-70%

 

•     Difficult= Below 30 %

 

 

2. Discrimination Power

•     Definition

•     Formula

•     Interpretation

Definition

The ability of the test to differentiate between good (Height Scoring) and poor (Low Scoring) students

Formula of

Discrimination Index

D   =   H  –   L

         N/2

In which

        D = index of discrimination

  H = Number of student in the high scoring Group who got the item right

L = Number of student in the low scoring group who got the item right.

       N = The total number of students in both (HSG+LSG)

 

Example:

•   What is the Index of discrimination  of Item 3 in Above Table?

•                              D   =   H  –   L

•                                     N/2

•                         D    =  7 – 2

•                                    20/2

•                         D    =   0.5   Answer

 

 

Interpretation

•     Range = (+1)---0---(-1)

–   Maximum size          Zero     Minimum Size

 

Interpretation

•     Good Achievement Test should have

 

•     50% of Items = Above o.40

•     40% of Items = 0.40 to 0.20

•     10% of Items = 0.20 to 0.00

•     Zero % Items = Negative