Environmental Education

By Khan

Keyword; types  of Emotions, Characteristics of Emotions, Effects of Emotions, Factors
influencing Emotional Development, Educational Implication of Emotional Development,
Stages of Emotional Development, Family Environment & Emotional
Development, Intelligence & Emotional Development

EMOTIONAL
DEVELOPMENT

• Contents


• Introduction


• Kinds of
  Emotions


• Characteristics
  of Emotions


• Effects of
  Emotions


• Factors
  influencing Emotional Development


• Educational
  Implication


• Suggestions


• Stages of Emotional
  Development


• Conclusion

Introduction

Emotional development is
considered as a uniquely integrative and psychologically constructive feature
of psychological growth in infancy and childhood. The role of emotions in child
behavior and development is very important. The nature of emotion discussed in
structuralist and functionalist approaches in the process of emotional
development in children. The focus is on the term ‘what is emotional
development'. The development of emotions, the contributions of
psychobiological growth, emotional understanding and the growth of
self-awareness.

The word emotion is derived
from the Latin word Emovere which means to stir up, to agitate or to excite.

R.S. Woodworth (1945) by “Emotion
is a moved or stirred up state of an organism. It is a stirred up state of
feeling that is the way it appears to the individual himself. It is a disturbed
muscular and glandular activity that is the way it appears to external
observers”.

According to Crow and Crow
(1973), an emotion is an effective experience that accompanies generalized
inner adjustment and mental and psychological stirred up states in the
individual and that shows itself in his own behavior.

Example:  A child sees a bull dog coming towards him. He
experiences an instinctive fear and undergoes the above three processes.
Firstly, he perceives the bull dog. Secondly he experiences an emotion of fear
and thirdly he tries to run away. It is, therefore, concluded that an emotion
is an effective experience that one undergoes during an instinctive excitement.

Kinds of Emotion

Ø   Positive

                                    Emotions
like affection, Love, happiness, curiosity, and joy which are helpful for normal
behavior are called as positive emotions.

Ø  Negative

                                    Unpleasant
emotions like anger, jealousy and fear which are harmful to the individual’s mental
development are called negative emotions.

Characteristics of Emotions

• All emotions are temporary


• Every person have different emotions, it
  means the state of emotions are differ from person to person


• Emotions are present in every living
  organism.


• Emotions are frequently occurring many
  times at short time of interval.


• Some emotions aroused by different
  stimuli or situations


• One emotion may trigger a  number of similarly emotions


• Emotions are present at all age and stages
  of the development


• Emotions in general, are the product of
  perception.


• Small children can’t hide their emotions
  and express them by other means like thumb-sucking, nail-biting, crying and
  speech difficulties

Effects of Emotions on the
Developing Individual

• Emotions provide energy to a person to
  face a particular situations


• Emotions motivate the behavior


• Emotions influence individual adjustment
  in the society


• Sometime Highly emotional conditions disturb
  the mental equilibrium of an individual


• Highly emotional conditions could also
  disturb the reasoning & thinking skills of an individual

Factors Influencing
Emotional Development

• Health and physical development of an
  individual


•  Intelligence level of an individual


• Family environment of an individual


• School environment of an individual


• Peer groups environment


• Community and society’s environment

Heath & Physical
Development of an Individual

• Any deficiency in physical health development
  internal or external leads to emotional disturbance in an individual


• Physically weak children or suffer
  occasional illness children are more emotionally upset and unstable than
  children whose healthy

Intelligence & Emotional
Development

• E.B. Hurlock has observed, “There is
  less emotional control, on the average, among those of the lower
  intellectual level than among children of the same group who are bright.


• An intelligent individual is in a better
  position to exercise control over his emotions

Family
Environment & Emotional Development

• A good family environment and healthy
  relationships between the parents is very conducive for the emotional
  development of the child


• The treatment of the child by the
  parents and other members of the family also influence the emotional
  development of the child


• The gender of the child or order of
  birth child, size of the family, socio-economic conditions of the family, the
  parents attitude towards the child “overprotected or neglected)”  all are the important factors in the emotional
  development of the child

School Environment

            The attitude of the teachers, class fellows, school
discipline, physical facilities, methods of teaching and co-curricular
activities influence emotional development of children

Community & Society’s
Environment and Emotional Development

·        
Humans live in the form of society and the child
picks up many traits of his emotional behavior from his surroundings

Developmental
Characteristics of Infancy (Birth to 2 Years)

• The development of basic trust and positive
  attachment occur between the infant and the primary caretaker in the first
  year.  This is a foundation stone of
  emotional development.

Developmental
Characteristics of Early Childhood (2-6 Years)

• The preschool child has been described
  as “on the make." Erikson refers to the child's primary mode of
  operation during this stage as initiative. 
  


• The child is intrusive and like to takes
  charge, he is very curious and continually tries new things, manipulates
  the environment, and is busy self-chosen activities  


• The child's ability to understand
  "right" and "wrong" leads to self-assessments and
  affects the development of self-esteem

Developmental
Characteristics of Late Childhood (6-12 Years)

• The child is full of energy, purposeful,
  and goal directed in his/her activities


• The child is confident and
  self-directed. The child is developing a better sense of his/her self as
  an individual; the child at this stage is capable of introspection.


• The child evaluates his/her worth by performance.
  Self-esteem is largely derived from one's perceived abilities

Developmental
Characteristics of Adolescence (12-18 Years)

• The early adolescent stage is strongly identified
  with the peer group. Youth depend upon their peers for emotional stability
  and support and Self-esteem is greatly affected by acceptance of peers


• During middle and late adolescence, identity
  is more individualized, and a sense of self develops. Self-esteem is
  influenced by  the  youth's 
  ability  to  live  up 
  to  internalized  standards  for behavior.

Educational
Implications of Emotional Development

• There are several situations and things
  in the home and the school which make a child unhappy rather than happy.


• It is common to note that children
  experience too many unpleasant emotions like anger, fear and jealousy than
  positive emotions of affection, joy and pleasure.


• The positive emotions experience helps
  the child to develop a positive outlook on life.


• In the childhood stage the child
  gradually expose the peer groups, school environment and society, Where sometime
  the find it difficult to adjustment. Teachers and parents are needed to
  take immediate and appropriate action to save the child from emotional
  complicacies.


• Teachers should make students familiar with
  the teaching and non-teaching staff. Game, sports, picnic, and study tour
  arrange to develop healthy habits and pacify emotional problems.


• Jealousy, Anger and Fear can be overcome
  through the organization and participation in curricular and co-curricular
  activities.


• Methods and techniques of teaching like storytelling,
  discussion etc. should be used to make teaching-learning situation joyful
  and democratic

F.B.
Hurlock states five causes which disturb emotional stability:

Fatigue

• Children should be helped to express their
  emotions in a natural way


• Children should be helped to develop a
  realistic understanding of  the
  situations that arouse unpleasant emotions


• Children should be helped to control
  their feelings which may offend others

Thwarted Desires

• Children should be gradually directed to
  exercise more of internal self-control


• Counseling may be useful in cases of
  highly disturbed emotional states of minds

Conclusion

• Emotions plays a very vital role in all
  fields of life


• The emotions of fear, anger and love are
  also present in infancy stage


• Parent’s behavior, environmental
  conditions plays a crucial role in the emotional development in children
  life.


• Instead of endangering self-esteem of
  the children give them adequate opportunities of self-expression.